Protection Visa › Protection Visa by Country
Protection Visa by Country
Country-specific guidance for people in Australia considering a Protection Visa (Subclass 866). Explore how current country information, personal risk, state protection, internal relocation and evidence can interact in a protection claim.
Türkiye · Iran · Myanmar · Afghanistan · Pakistan · Sri Lanka · Bangladesh · India · China · Indonesia · and more
The legal test is individual
Being from a particular country does not establish eligibility by itself. Australia assesses whether the applicant personally engages protection obligations under Australian law.
Country evidence = context.
Your facts = the claim.
Last hub review: 24 September 2026
Your nationality is not the legal test.
A Protection Visa by country page should help you understand the evidence and risk issues that may arise for people from that country. It should not imply that a nationality is automatically “safe”, “unsafe” or more likely to succeed. Each Subclass 866 matter requires an individual assessment of the applicant’s circumstances, claimed harm, available protection, relocation issues, credibility and supporting material.
Refugee criterion
A claim may involve persecution for a Convention reason such as race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group.
Complementary protection
Where the refugee criterion is not met, the facts may still require assessment against the statutory significant-harm test.
Country evidence strategy
Country information is strongest when it is current, authoritative and connected directly to the applicant’s own circumstances.
Official starting points: Department of Home Affairs – Protection visa (Subclass 866) · DFAT Country Information Reports · Migration Act 1958.
Start with the country. Build the case around the person.
Use the country guides below to understand common evidence issues and the country-information context for a Protection Visa (Subclass 866). The guides are designed to support—not replace—an individual legal assessment.
Featured country guides
Türkiye / Turkey Protection Visa
Dedicated 2026 country hub covering political opinion, Kurdish claims, journalists and rights defenders, LGBTIQ+ issues, gender/family harm and religion or conscience.
Myanmar Protection Visa
Country-specific guidance for Myanmar nationals, including evidence strategy in a fast-changing political and security environment.
Iran Protection Visa
Guidance for Iranian nationals on country evidence, individual risk, state protection and the structure of a Subclass 866 claim.
Afghanistan Protection Visa
Guidance for Afghan nationals addressing individual risk, identity, family circumstances, country evidence and protection criteria.
Pakistan Protection Visa
Country-specific guidance for Pakistani nationals on claim structure, corroboration, country information, state protection and relocation.
Sri Lanka Protection Visa
Country-specific guidance for Sri Lankan nationals, including evidence, personal risk, state protection and credibility considerations.
All live country guides
Türkiye / Turkey Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Myanmar Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Iran Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Afghanistan Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Pakistan Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Sri Lanka Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Bangladesh Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
India Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
China Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Vietnam Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Indonesia Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Malaysia Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Philippines Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Singapore Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Cambodia Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Laos Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Palestine Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Yemen Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Saudi Arabia Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Egypt Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Ukraine Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Ethiopia Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Venezuela Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
Mexico Protection Visa
Country-specific Subclass 866 guidance on personal risk, country information, state protection, internal relocation and evidence.
More country-specific guidance, all in one place.
We provide country-specific guidance to help explain how current country information may interact with an individual Protection Visa claim. You can explore guidance for Syria, Iraq, Sudan, Nepal, Nigeria, Somalia and Hong Kong SAR.
If your country is not listed, you can still speak with us. We can assess your circumstances and the country information relevant to your claim.
If your country is not yet listed, that does not mean your circumstances cannot be assessed. Protection claims are individual and country conditions can change quickly.
What can make a country-specific Protection Visa claim different?
Different countries can present different evidentiary problems. The legal framework remains Australian, but the factual questions may change depending on who is feared, why the applicant may be targeted, whether authorities can provide effective protection and whether safe relocation is realistically available.
Political opinion
Actual or imputed political opinion, protest activity, opposition involvement, public criticism or perceived association may require close factual and country-evidence analysis.
Religion & conscience
Religion, conversion, apostasy, non-belief, religious practice or perceived belief can raise Convention and complementary-protection issues.
Ethnicity, race & nationality
Ethnic identity, minority status, clan, caste, descent or nationality may be relevant where the feared harm is connected to a protected reason.
LGBTIQ+ identity
Sexual orientation, gender identity, expression, concealment, family/community harm and state protection may require careful individual assessment.
Gender & family-based harm
Family violence, forced marriage, honour-based harm and other private-actor risks can raise questions about seriousness, state protection and relocation.
Conflict & non-state actors
Armed conflict, militias, criminal groups and other non-state actors may be relevant, but general insecurity alone does not decide the statutory test.
A country report is only useful if it proves something about your case.
Strong protection work connects personal evidence to country evidence. Depending on the matter, relevant sources can include DFAT country information, UN material, credible human-rights reporting, court or tribunal material, media reporting, expert evidence, police or court records, medical material, digital history and witness evidence.
01 · Map the personal risk
We identify who is feared, why the applicant may be targeted, what happened previously and what is said to be likely on return.
02 · Build the country evidence
We select current material that actually bears on the applicant’s profile, rather than uploading a generic bundle of reports.
03 · Test protection and relocation
We address whether effective state protection is available and whether internal relocation is both safe and legally relevant.
04 · Connect facts to the statute
We structure the evidence against the refugee criterion, complementary protection and any other applicable requirements.
Need the full legal framework?
Use our main Protection Visa hub and Subclass 866 guide for eligibility, legal criteria, evidence, application strategy and related resources.
Protection Visa by Country FAQs
Does my nationality determine whether I qualify for a Protection Visa?
No. Nationality is part of the factual context, but the decision turns on whether you personally satisfy the relevant protection criteria and all other requirements.
Why have country-specific Protection Visa pages if nationality is not decisive?
Because current country information can be essential evidence. A country page helps identify the types of sources and factual issues that may need to be connected to your individual circumstances.
What if my country is not listed on this page?
You can still seek advice. This is a growing research hub, not a list of eligible or ineligible nationalities.
Which country-information sources matter?
The weight of a source depends on the issue. DFAT reports are important Australian government country information, but other current and credible material may also be relevant.
What if country conditions change after I lodge my application?
New country information or changed personal circumstances may become relevant while a matter is pending. What should be provided, and when, depends on the stage of the case and any applicable deadline.
What if my Protection Visa is refused?
Review rights depend on the decision and your circumstances. Time limits can be strict, so the refusal letter and record should be reviewed promptly.
Your country is the context. Your evidence is the case.
If you are in Australia and fear returning to your country, we can assess the legal issues, identify evidentiary gaps and help structure the claim around your individual circumstances.
General information only. Protection Visa claims are fact-specific and country conditions can change. This page does not predict an outcome.
